Berry -fed infants show fewer allergy symptoms and increased the immune balance

In the last study published in the journal NutrientsScientists have examined the impact of berry consumption in an early period of life on allergy symptoms, Intestinal microbiotaand immune biomarkers. The complementary nutrition period is a critical time frame for shaping the development of infant resistance, diet and intestinal microflora.

Current recommendations suggest the introduction of a series of plant foods at the age of six months, combined with continuous breastfeeding. The growing evidence confirms the role of berries in the microflora-inflammation-Is immunity and homeostasis of intestinal microorganisms.

The first year of life is a critical window for establishing immune competences and preventing allergic diseases. Diet exhibitions during this period may affect the induction of immune tolerance, epigenetic programming and succession of intestinal microorganisms.

Non -optimal or abnormal microbial colonization has been associated with increased intestinal permeability, impaired congenital immune and low inflammation, all of which are associated with a higher risk of diseases in later life.

About the study

In this study, scientists have examined the impact of early intake of berries on allergy symptoms, intestinal microflora and immune biomarkers. This randomized, double -blind, placebo -controlled study recruited participants from households with infants aged 3 to 4 months.

Babies born on time were taken into account if they were healthy, only breastfed and did not have prior exposure to complementary food. Infants were randomly assigned to a berry or placebo group.

The Blueberry group received a blueberry powder at 10 g per package, while the placebo group received a matching color and taste, isocaloric powder. The carers were instructed to offer one package every day from the starting value to 12 months (age) and avoid other forms of blackberry or berries during intervention. Blood and feces samples were collected at several time points. 16s RRNA gene sequencing was carried out to assess intestinal microbiological profiles.

The band analyzed 29 chemokines and cytokines, as well as their connections with the features of the microflora. The guardians were asked if their child had any respiratory symptoms, such as whistling or wheezing in the chest, dry cough not related to chest infection or colds, nose symptoms not related to cold fears, associated with the skin (e.g. not difficult skin), gastrointestinal symptoms or other gathering symptoms due to allergic reaction, in each study.

The starting characteristics were compared using the analysis of variance (Anova) and accurate Fisher tests. Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare differences in cytokines/chemokines between groups. Correlations between cytokines and bacterial taxons were examined using the Rang Kendall correlation test.

In addition, linear regression modeling was carried out to examine the connections between interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-13 and bacterial taxons, while taking into account the treatment group and accompanying variables.

Arrangements

In the study, it was wrapped in 38 infants to accept berry powder and 37 to the placebo group; Of these, 29 and 31 infants completed the intervention and were included in the final analytical sample. The article also informed that 61 infants (30 berries, 31 placebo) completed the study; However, the final analyzes used 60 infants (29 blueberries, 31 placebo).

Both groups had similar output features with an average age of 22 weeks during registration. Vaccination indicators were high in both groups.

No infant in any group received supressants coughing, antibiotics or had nutritional problems at the beginning. The respiratory symptoms were significantly different between groups at the beginning. In the berry group, seven infants had some respiratory symptoms, and four had the history of dry cough. And vice versa, the placebo group did not have such symptoms.

Longitudinal analysis of allergy symptoms revealed significant differences in breathing trajectories (p = 0.02) and general allergic symptoms (p = 0.05). Four people from the blueberry group had a resolution of respiratory symptoms, with fewer new symptoms during observation, compared to the placebo group.

Although the blueberry group had more respiratory symptoms at the beginning, a larger number of infants in a blueberry group reached the resolution of symptoms until the end of the study compared to the Placebo group.

Most cytokines did not show significant differences between groups. IL-13 was lower in a group of berries than in the placebo group in a small sensitivity analysis without assignment (n ~ 7 per group; p = 0.035), and IL-10 was higher in the berry group (p = 0.052).

Cytokines were only available to 48 infants that limited statistical power. Changes in allergy symptoms were not significantly associated with IL-10 or IL-13.

In total, 32 associations of cytokin-bacteria were reported, covering 18 bacterial groups and 19 cytokines. IL-10 levels were positively related to MegasphaeraIN ClostridiaceaeAND Lactobacillus After 12 months. IL-10 showed negative connections with PeptostreptoccaceaeIN WetAND Lacticasebacillus After 12 months.

IL-13 levels were positively related to Clorria AND Citrobacter, and negatively related to PeptostreptoccaceaeIN LactobacillusIN WetAND Anaerostipes After 12 months.

These connections of the microflora-citocine were exploratory and are not adapted to many comparisons, so they should be considered as a generating hypothesis.

Conclusions

To sum up, discoveries indicate that the intake of berries during infancy can affect the resolution of allergic symptoms and modulate immune development.

Relationships of immunological markers, such as IL-10 and IL-13, with specific bacterial taxa, emphasize potential goals for further mechanic tests. However, cytokin analysis was limited by small sizes of samples and missing data, and the study was not designed to detect clinical end points.

Additional tests are needed to examine specific berry elements that drive these effects and examine, or other complementary food can bring similar benefits.