Low vitamin D in the first trimester of pregnancy associated with a higher risk of premature delivery and reduced fetal length

It has been recently studied whether the level of vitamin D first and second trimestrian D is associated with fetal growth and pregnancy results.

Vitamin D status and pregnancy result

In an American study, about 28% of pregnant or lactation women showed a deficiency of vitamin D. Several studies indicated that the inappropriate status of the mother’s vitamin D, i.e. below 50 nmol/l, can lead to adverse results of pregnancy for both infants and mother. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with an increased risk Maternity diabetesPremature and preeclamic childbirth.

Vitamin D plays an important role in early pregnancy; For example, he participates in the production of vascular factor of endothelial growth and bearing growth factor. These proangiogenic factors are crucial for the regulation of early vascularization of the placenta. In addition, vitamin D is extremely important for health and bone formation. Earlier studies related to the status of maternal vitamin with birth mass and skeleton development.

Little research has examined whether the status of vitamin D affects fetal growth patterns throughout pregnancy. Previous studies have presented contradictory evidence about effectiveness Vitamin D supplements for improving the results of mothers and newborns. That is why it is important to assess the impact of vitamin D supplementation at various time points during pregnancy on mother’s results and fetal growth patterns.

About the study

In the current longitudinal observation study, it studied the connections between the status of vitamins D first and second trimester and the pattern of fetal growth, at this pregnancy age from birth, a low pregnancy age (SGA) and the risk of premature births.

All relevant data was obtained from a multicentral prospective Kohort study-Claiming the results in pregnancy invalid: monitoring future mothers (Nuom2B). This US -based study covered 10,038 invalid pregnant women. Data on pregnancy and bostecimens were collected from participants in the first trimester of the trimester, at the beginning of the second trimester, at the end of the second/early third trimester and at delivery.

Because the 25-hydroxywitamin D (25 (OH) D) was not originally measured for the Numom2B group. In the current study, 351 Numom2B participants were randomly selected for measuring F25 (OH) D. Fetal growth was measured using ultrasounds after 16–21 and 22–29 weeks of pregnancy. In addition, newborn anthropometric estimates were measured at birth. Fetal growth curves were constructed on the basis of length, mass and head circumference.

Research results

The average age of the participants was 27.9 years, the average length of pregnancy was 38.8 weeks, and the average body mass index (BMI) was 26.6. About 50% of the cohort had a bachelor’s degree, and most of them were a non -Hatatian white. Compared to older participants, younger women were more prone to vitamin D deficiency.

Interestingly, the participants who had a bachelor’s title were less likely that they were a shortage of vitamin D, i.e. 25 (OH) d <50 nmol/l. These participants showed a higher tendency to use multivitamin supplements. The average concentration of 25 (OH) D in the first and second trimesters was 68.1 Nmol/L and 78.0 Nmol/l, respectively.

In the first trimester of pregnancy, 20% of women had 25 (OH) to concentrations below 50 nmol/l, while the majority showed 25 (OH) D concentration above 50 nmol/l. In the second trimester of pregnancy, 13% of women showed vitamin D deficiency, while 87% had 25 (OH) D concentration ≥50 nmol/l.

96% of the cohort had measures of fetal growth for all three times points, while the remaining 4% had measures only for double points. In the first trimester of pregnancy, connections between 25 (OH) D and a linear fetal growth were observed. However, the concentration of vitamin D was not associated with either the weight circuit or head circumference in adapted models.

In the first trimester of pregnancy, each height of 10 nmol/l in 25 (OH) D was associated with an increase in length by 0.05 after adjusting the interference factors. Using the cut -offs of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) (<50 compared to ≥50 nmol/l), the second trimester 25 (OH) D was not associated with the trajectories of fetal growth for length, mass or head circumference after adaptation to confusion.

About 6% of infants was born SGA and 8% were born prematurely. The current study was constantly assessed in the first trimester 25 (OH) D or with the help of binary cut -offs; 25 (OH) D The concentration was not associated with the risk of SGA or premature delivery.

Compared to women with 25 (OH) D> 80 nmol/l, it was found that people with the first trimester 25 (OH) d below 40 nmol/l amount to 4.35 times higher risk of providing premature infant, on average 1.17 weeks earlier . The second trimester 25 (OH) D was not associated with SGA or premature delivery.

Conclusions

In the current study, it was observed that the condition of vitamin D in the first women’s trimester is strongly associated with fetal growth patterns. Vitamin D deficiency in the first trimester of pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of shorter medium length of pregnancy and premature delivery. However, in the second trimester of pregnancy, the status of vitamin D was not associated with side effects or changes in fetal growth patterns. In the future, scientists must discover a mechanism with which vitamin D contributes to fetal growth.